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When children become teenagers, their behaviors and maturing processes are impacted by the primary parenting styles they experienced while growing up and by the parenting styles they experience now that they’ve reached adolescence. Psychologist Diana Baumrind distinguishes between four parenting styles under which virtually every parent falls: authoritarian, overly permissive, uninvolved, and authoritative.

Parents and caregivers that have relied on the overpowering, rigid, authoritarian style may find their teenagers now become volatile and rebellious because they need to actively break away from being dominated and hunger even more for independence. For those parents and caregivers who were overly permissive and overly indulgent, they may find their teenagers misuse their freedoms and demand ever increasing indulgence by parents and caregivers who are now perceived as weak and easily victimized. Uninvolved, disengaged parents and caregivers may continue to not care that much about what’s going on with their teenager. This feeling of actual or emotional abandonment may cause a teenager to get into trouble or become depressed. Also this teen may seek inappropriate relationships to meet their unfilled needs of love and attachment.

Parents and caregivers who have primarily used an authoritative style of parenting are most likely to have built strong and healthy relationships with their children and this should continue through the teenage years. By continuing to blend nurturing with healthy structure, authoritative parents an caregivers are more likely to effectively bond with their teenagers, which will lower the chance of them getting into trouble.

But all teenagers take risks and make mistakes. During the teenager years, the brain is expanding rapidly and the thinking part of the brain (pre-frontal cortex) is under construction and not wired properly for logical thinking and problem solving. So regardless of parenting styles that a teen has experienced, and even with the healthiest of parenting, there still may be times teenagers lack judgement, act impulsively and/or egocentric. This is the nature of teens with a developing logical brain.

Becoming a healthier parent or caregiver will almost always have a positive impact, even if changes in parenting styles is made during a child’s teenage years.

By: Marty Wolner

About the Author:
Find out more about which parenting style you may be at Responsible-Kids.net.

Here’s more information about Understanding Teens.

For more information on understanding the complex nature of who a teenager is, how his or her brain develops and processes information, and to practice new and easy-to-learn healthy parenting tools, please visit: Responsible-Kids.net. Marty Wolner (BA, CPE, ICF, PACA) is a Certified Parenting Educator for the Institute for Professional and Educational Development and New Paradigm Training Institute in Ft. Washington, PA and the Institute for Family Professionals in Philadelphia, PA, and the parent of two teenagers.

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Teenagers Taking Risks



It can be hard being a parent with a teen going through what I term the ‘I’m Invincible’ phase. This is the phase when teens start doing scary and dangerous things (according to us parents) as a way of testing out their physical limits.

This is not surprising given that, at adolescence, teenagers are effectively given a ‘new’ body, one which has many improved features from that of their childhood body. It’s no good as parents thinking we can tell them about the limits of this body; just as a toddler needs to work out for themselves how to balance to walk so a teen needs to work out for themselves how to use their changed body.

Pushing themselves that little bit further each time is necessary for the teen to find out what happens. They need to make mistakes so that they can self-adjust. They need to know just how fast, agile and strong their body is so they can use it appropriately in the future. Not knowing their own limits is potentially much more dangerous.

However some teens also use this phase to ‘prove’ themselves. In today’s competitive society, teens have been brought up to want to be ‘better’ than someone else at something. For some teens this will be in the classroom, others on the sports field or through the performing arts but for some teens none of these avenues are available.

The only way they can prove themselves to be ‘better’ is through some daredevil type of physical activity, where they can show they are braver, can bear more pain or can think up some more elaborate plan. This is where these teens get their feelings of success, their sense of achievement, their sense of self-worth.

The ‘I’m Invincible’ phase is a crucial learning phase; it’s all about taking risks and making judgements about risk. As parents, it’s hard for us to let our teens take risks, we naturally want to protect them, but in attempting to protect them we are in reality often holding them back.

Taking risks is a necessary part of adult life; leaving one job for another, starting a business, asking someone out on a date all require a certain amount of risk. Although the risks in the ‘I’m Invincible’ phase are primarily based in the physical, they give a good foundation for taking risks in the emotional and cognitive realms in the future.

How to Handle the ‘I’m Invincible’ Phase

If at all possible, enrol your teen in a class or organisation where they can test their limits in a relatively safe environment eg sports, dance, scouts/guides, army/navy/air cadets. For those that need to ‘prove’ themselves, give them chores that allow them to show off their new found physical strengths; re-think the chores they do to see if there are some more suited to their abilities. Receiving success, achievement and a sense of self-worth at home reduces the need to look for it elsewhere. Use the language associated with ‘I’m Invincible’ to acknowledge your teen in day-to-day life. Words such as courage, brave, strong, determined, overcome, etc, can also be used to motivate your teen. Examine your own fears; are your fears based on objective, rational information, or have they been exacerbated by other peoples’ stories or news reports. Get the facts not the media hype. Explain your fears to your teen by expressing concern over what others might do. If you express doubt in their abilities you will just make them more determined to prove you wrong. Eg “I don’t want you riding your bike late at night because drivers are more likely to have accidents then” is much more readily received than “I don’t want you riding your bike late at night because you might have an accident”. Do not use evidence of their mistakes to do ‘I told you so’. Recognise mistakes as valuable learning, and then acknowledge the learning as you would any other type of learning.

By: Carol Shepley

About the Author:
Carol Shepley has been involved with teenagers for over 10 years and, as the parent of a teen herself, fully understands the pressures placed on parents and teens today. She now shares this knowledge and experience through her website [http://www.growingupmatters.com] so that parents can help their teens become resilient, resourceful and responsible adults.

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